Comparing of Anti-Leech Effect of Vitis vinifera L. Plant and Niclosamide on Different Forms of Limnatis nilotica

The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) posses several remedy effects. In this study, the anti limnatis nilotica effect of methanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L. plant as well as niclosamide were investigated by anti-leech assay. Distilled water selected as placebo. The mean death time of leeches in groups treated with niclozomide for mature and immature form were 15.4 and 10.1 minutes, respectively. The treatment groups of Vitis vinifera L. methanol extract (300 and 600mg) on L. nilotica mature form and distilled water were ineffective but vinifera L. methanol extract (300 and 600mg) on L. nilotica immature form with the death time with 260±63 and 200±50 minutes, respectively (Effective treatment). The grape methanol extract could be presented as complementary treatment in Limnatis nilotica immature form infestation in future. Key word: Leech Limnatis nilotica Anti leech assay Vitis vinifera L INTRODUCTION The grape leaf is useful in nephrotoxicity with citrinin. Aquatic leeches, particulary Limnatis nilotica may vomitting property of grape leaf [14]. enter the body in drinking water. Some may enter the The study of Jung et al. (2006) showed grape water excratory opening of persons who bathe in infested have effective property in primary stage of cancer [15]. waters. L. nilotica which inhabits lackes and streams of In another study characterized grape water reduces risk of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, platelet aggregation and arthrosclerosis [16]. The grape attains length of up to 12 cm (4.75 inches) but younger water has indication in treatment of hypertension in smaller specimens are most likely to enter the body [1]. human. The consumption of grape water diminishes Leech can cause haemoptesis, nose pleading, respiratory protein oxidation in rats [17]. distress, haematemesis, vaginal bleeding and voise Several study accomplished at treatment of harchness [2 – 6]. The grape has several remedy effect leech for example Bahmani et al. (2010) evaluated such as antioxidant property. In grape seed Quercus brantii, Achillea spp., Scrophularia deserti, proanthocyanidin posses antioxidant property. Artemisia kermanensis, Artemisia spp. extracted with Abri et al. (2005) showed this compound improve dose 600 mg and results did not had any anti –leech cardiovascular and kidney diseases [7]. Also, in diabetic effect but Artemisia spp. extracted with doses of animals, proanthocyanidin could significantly reduce 1800 and 2400 mg was able to kill the leaches in an oxidative damage in brain, liver and digestive tract [7-9]. average time of 600 and 601 min. Artemisia kermanensis Also, the proanthocyanidin of grape seed posses similar extracted with doses of 1800 and 2400 was able to kill activity by insulin [10]. The protective effect of the leeches in an average time of 635 and 188 min [18]. proanthocyanidin against cataract, breast cancer and Also, one study by Farkhondeh et al. 2011, the average colon cancer was stated [11, 12]. Yu et al. (2002) showed time of killing of leech (L. nilotica) for levamisole was the grape extract could reduce blood lipid concentration determined to be 7min and for garlet tablet were negative in rabbits suffering to hyperlipidemia [13]. severity [19]. In herbal references mentioned the anti-diarrhea and antiWorld Appl. Sci. J., 20 (8): 1082-1085, 2012 1083 The access to treatment effects of herbal drugs is dependent to traditional medicine or test and error methods. For this, in this study according to the traditional medicine, the anti-leech effect of methanolic grape extract was examined. MATERIALS AND METHOD The leaf and fruit of grape were prepared in Ilam province, East of Iran. In first, the morphological characters of grape was matched with references and determine species. The selective grape was Vitis vinifera L. the full information about this inserted in Table 1. In October 2011 prepared of leaf and fruit of grape and, the methanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L was prepared by macetration method. First, the leaf and fruit valvated in sun then this plant was powdered by the mixer (Molinex®, Italy) and 100 gram of dried plant powder was soaked within 300 ml methanol 37% in perculator then and was for 48 hours in 50 degree in oven. Finally, dried extract was prepared of Vitis vinifera L. In autumn of 2011 a total of 56 leeches (Limnatis nilotica) were collected from some water wells in village area from thyme land in west Iran (dehloran city, Ilam province). The leeches were put individually in a glass container with 600 ml spring water. Then the extract and drugs were added and their effects were screened for 720 min and the time to paralyze and kill each leech was recorded. The examination was repeated for nine repeat. The evaluation of death of leech was based on immobility after stimulation with needle. The low average paralyzing and killing time of these compounds reflect anti leech properties [18, 20]. The severity effect of these compounds/drugs based on time was categorized in five groups Based on the times needed to paralyze or kill the leeches as follows: 4+ paralyze and death of each leech within 1-60min after addition of drug 3+ paralyze and death of each leech within 61120min after addition of drug 2+ paralyze and death of each leech within 121180min after addition of drug 1+ paralyze and death of each leech within 181240min after addition drug Negative paralyze and death of each leech within 241-720min after addition of drug [18, 20]. Table 1: botanical information of the grape plant. Scientific English Persian Type name Family name name Part use of extract